Biological Science

BIO 6202 Biological Science

Apoptosis is ________________.	programmed cell death
Arctic foxes typically have a white coat in the winter. In summer, when there is no snow on the ground, the foxes typically have a darker coat. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the seasonal change in coat color?	The decrease in the amount of daylight in winter causes a change in gene expression, which results in the foxes growing a lighter appearing coat
Bioinformatics is:	All of these
Biomarkers are useful for:	mark genes related to plant diseases
Birds are believed to be descendants of:	dinosaurs
Blood carries carbon dioxide rich blood towards which organ?	Lungs
Blood component containing the inorganic materials to be distributed to cells in the body:	blood plasma
Choose which one of the following traits are needed for a health science professional.	All of the answer is
Command line versions of the BLAST programs are available for all operating system.	False
Corn develops from a seedling with a single cotyledon, displays parallel veins on its leaves, and produces monosulcate pollen. A monocot is a plant characterized by:	all of the answers
Databanks with a gatekeeper are slow in incorporating new data and accurate, while databanks without a gatekeeper are fast and inaccurate.	True
DNA double helix does not have which of the following?	Uracil
DNA molecule that is distinct from the chromosome; this molecule can be used to move foreign DNA in or out of a cell:	Plasmid
DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process?	This is a metabolic process but is neither anabolic nor catabolic
During the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ________.	contracting
Environmental scientists have the following skill sets:	All of the answers
Evolution is important for:	all organisms
Fishes living in coral reefs develop this adaptation to their environment:	colorful scales
Gene therapy can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cells ________.	All of these
Genetic recombination occurs by which process?	Crossing over
Genomics can be used in agriculture to:	All of these
Genomics can be used on a personal level to:	All of these
Glucose molecule is a:	disaccharide
Growing stems are made up of ________.	meristematic tissue
If DNA is likened to a ladder, what are the compounds that make up the sides of the ladder?	Phosphates and sugars
If DNA is likened to a ladder, what are the compounds that make up the steps of the ladder?	bases only
In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that:	are heterozygous for the disease
In either plant or anImals reproducing sexually, the embryo developing from a fertilized egg is also known as:	zygote
In eukaryotes, where is the DNA wrapped around?	Histones
In most stable freshwater environments, populations of Daphnia are almost entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen environments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a researcher suggests that male Daphnia develop in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. This is an example of a:	theory
In the life sciences there are typically two types of publication:	None of these
In which direction does DNA replication take place?	5'-3'
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce	more offspring
It is believed that all life on Earth began from a:	Bacteria
Molecular cloning can be used in agriculture to:	all of the answers
Most dinosaurs existed during:	Cretaceous period
Mutations within a DNA sequence are:	natural processes that produce genetic diversity
One of the statements about a scientific theory below is in. Which statement is this?	Science is an arcane, ivory-towered institution that do not need any system of checks and balances
Order the scientific method steps (numbered items) with the process of solving the everyday problem (lettered items). 1. Observation-A 2. Question-B 3. Hypothesis-C 4. Prediction-D 5. Experiment-E 6. Result-F	A, B, C, D, E, F
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are mainly exchanged in which organ?	lungs
Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in size and genetic composition are:	Chromatids
Part of an experiment wherein variables are not changed.	control
Plant parts which is responsible for getting nutrients from the soil:	roots
Plant regions covering the outer layer of the stems are made up of ________.	dermal tissue
Plants are the main source of this gas in the planet:	oxygen
Plants convert carbon dioxide to ________.	all of the choices are
Pollen grains develop in which structure?	the carpel
Post-translational modifications of proteins can affect which of the following?	All of these
Red blood cells:	carry oxygen to different organs of the body
Similarities in sequence and function of two proteins indicate that they are members of a family that share a common ancestor. If they are from different species, they are called:	Homologs
Small changes happening to the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a	variation
Strokes are often caused by ________.	Blood clots or burst blood vessels
Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient?	Patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor
That makes primates ideal for living in land?	All of the answers
The building blocks of lipids are ________.	fatty acids
The building blocks of nucleic acids are ________.	Nucleotides
The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the ________.	duodenum
The DNA and chomosomes are located in which prt of the cell?	nucleus
The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained by	Telomerase
The first forms of life on Earth were thought to be_________.	single-celled plants
The first level of DNA organization in a eukaryotic cell is maintained by which molecule?	chromatin
The first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere were	cyanobacteria
The human eye contains rods and ___________, which convert light into information the brain can process.	Cones
The losses of ozone over Arctic are significantly lower than that over Antarctica because	Concentration of chlorine in the atmosphere over Arctic is less than over Antarctic
The main source of energy in mitochondrial respiration:	ATP
The majority of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported by ________.	dissolution in the blood
The plasma membrane of animal cells are composed mainly of ________.	phospholipids
The scientific method generally follows a deductive type of reasoning. A hypothesis is generated from observations. The series of steps needed to prove a hypothesis are called:	experiments
The scientific method generally follows a line of observations, experiments and conclusions. Which of the following closely represents the steps in scientific method?	observation - question - hypothesis - prediction - experiment - results
These are the careers that can be pursued in nutrition:	all of the answers
These are the things to do to increase job security, except:	All of the answer is
This protein helps oxygen bind to blood and be transported to various parts of the body:	hemoglobin
This type of white blood cells clean up infections in the blood:	macrophages
True or False: Inflammation always indicates the presence of an infection.	True
Urea accumulates in what organ before excretion from the body?	Kidneys
Vaccines_______.	Stimulate an immune response
Viruses_______.	vary in shape
Water moves via osmosis _________.	from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration
What advantages does a command line interface have over a graphics user interface?	One can write a program to run on the command line that does your work for you
What are the anticipated future trends in data science?	All of these
What do circadian rhythms govern?	Sleep-wake cycles
What is a biomarker?	a protein that is uniquely produced in a diseased state
What is a cline?	gradual geographic variation across an ecological gradient
What is assortative mating?	When individuals mate with those who are similar to themselves
What is meant by 'organ culture' ?	Cultivation of organs in a laboratory through the synthesis of tissues
What is the difference between micro and macroevolution?	Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms in populations, while macroevolution describes the evolution of species over long periods of time
What is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide?	Lung cancer
What is the main purpose of producing ATP molecules?	providing energy to coupled reactions
What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes?	strengthening the membrane
What is used to determine phylogeny?	DNA
What was lacking in Darwin's theory of natural selection?	Тhе аbѕеnсе of bіoсhеmісаl tесhnіquеѕ to dеtеrmіnе thе gеnеtіс ѕіmіlаrіtіеѕ bеtwееn ѕресіеѕ
When closely related individuals mate with each other, or inbreed, the offspring are often not as fit as the offspring of two unrelated individuals. Why?	Inbreeding causes normally silent alleles to be expressed
When searching a database with a query sequence, the P-value is proportional to the size of the databank and can be larger than 1.	False
Where in a phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that had evolved most recently?	at the nodes
Which branch of science is related to biology?	All of the answers
Which cells fight foreign organisms in the body?	White blood cells
Which components of speciation would be least likely to be a part of punctuated equilibrium?	Ongoing gene flow among all individuals
Which description is an example of a phenotype?	Both a certain duck has a blue beak and most cheetahs live solitary lives
Which information was most important to the development of genetic engineering techniques?	The structure of a DNA molecule
Which is a potential career path for a nutritionist?	All of the answer is
Which is not a function of body fat?	To convert energy from food into heat
Which is not a way of life of the ancient man?	City-dwelling
Which of the following are involved in posttranscriptional control?	all of the answers
Which of the following are the benefits of genomics research?	All the answers
Which of the following does the enzyme primase synthesize?	Okazaki fragments
Which of the following hormones control levels of sugar in our blood?	insulin
Which of the following industries DOES NOT need scientists and business professionals for industrial and research expansion?	None of the answer is
Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?	vitamin C
Which of the following is most likely to be found in a Tropical rainforest?	a canopy of perineal trees
Which of the following is not a feature common to most animals?	asexual reproduction
Which of the following is thought to be the most closely related to the common animal ancestor?	bacterial cells
Which of the following is true?	All of the answers
Which of the following is useful for current trends in agricultural practices:	all of the answers
Which of the following is/are true of epigenetic changes?	All of the choices
Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy?	glucose
Which of the following organism is a cnidarian diploblast?  jellyfish
Which of the following organs is the primary organ for taste	Tongue
Which of the following pairs are homologs?	arms and wings
Which of the following part of a flower are disseminated by birds?	seed
Which of the following scientific fields are important in agriculture?	All of the answers are
Which of the following statements is false?	Communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems
Which of the following statements is true?	Acids and bases will neutralize each other
Which of the following technologies produce big data ?	Structural Biology and Genome sequencing
Which of the following will NOT facilitate the transfer of oxygen to tissues?	decreased body temperature
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid?	green algae
Which one is a primary factor of evolution?	all of the answers
Which organism is not a eukaryote?	Ecoli bacteria
Which plant structure upholds all the parts so that water and sunlight can reach the leaves?	stem
Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover?	natural selection
Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation?	Flood causes the formation of a new lake
Which statement is false?	Humans are not needed in science-related careers
Which statement is true?	growth of careers in science outside of academia is enticing in its own right
Which term is used to describe the continued divergence of species based on the low fitness of hybrid offspring?	Reinforcement
Which term mark a static period in an ecosystem?	punctuated equilibrium
Which tropical fruit crop has been successfully engineered to be protected against a lethal virus?	Papaya
Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?	nonpolar covalent bond
Which type of selection results in greater genetic variance in a population?	Diversifying selection
Why is data science and artificial intelligence important in the future?	all of the answers
Why is reproductive diversity important for evolution of species?	It ensures passing on of genetic material
Whісh of thе followіng іѕ an abiotic component of the biosphere?	ocean
Whісh of thе followіng іѕ the energy source of all life on earth?	the sun
Without selection for function there would be no similarity in the pairwise comparison of homologous protein from an Archaeon and a Eukaryote.	False
A neuron is a nerve cell; the fundamental unit of the nervous system	True
A rare change in the DNA of a gene	Mutation
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?	It will accelerate the appearance of new traits
A transgenic organism:	has foreign DNA
Abundant and powdery pollen produced by small, indistinct flowers is probably transported by:	wind
All is true about GMOs except:	GMOs are harmful to human health and the environment
All of the following comprise our white blood cells except:	cardiomyocytes
All of the following sentences are , except one. Which statement is false?	Genetic engineering of crops will wreck our ecosystem because improper statistical analysis and field trials are currently conducted
An inbred is usually unfit for survival. Why?	Inbreeding can bring together rare, deleterious mutations that lead to harmful phenotypes
An organism produced by cross mating of two highly related species is called a:	hybrid