Audio and Video Production

IT6311A - Audio and Video Production

Note: Updated 12/05/21

Sound is important in multimedia to catch the interest of the	audience
Sound is important in multimedia to alert the	audience
Sound is important in multimedia to include _______: effective for training and educational application.	narration
in the number of cycles a sound wave creates in one second.	frequency
Two main characteristic in sound waves are FREQUENCY and	amplitude
Sounds also can be combined in a ________ to provide information and enhance the other media being presented	multimedia presentation
is the best way to attract attention.	sound
Sound is important in multimedia to set the	mood
Sound is important in multimedia to reinforce message or	theme
Often audio provides the only effective way to convey an idea, elicit an emotion, or ________ point	Dramatize
In order for a computer to work with audio waves, they must be converted from analog to _________ form.	digital
The three most common sample rates are; 11.025 kHz, 22.05 kHz, and	44.1 kHz
is the number of times the sample is taken	sample rate
There are two factors that affect the quality of the digitized audio: __________ and sample size.	sample rate
An 8-bit sample allows 256 values that are used to describe audio, whereas a 16-bit sample provides 65, _________ values.	536
s the amount of information stored about the sample	sample size
The two most common sample sizes are 8 bit and ____________ bit.	16
The louder the sound, the higher the	amplitude
The higher the sample rate, the more samples that are taken and, thus, the better the quality of the	digitized audio
After being sampled with the ADC, the digital signal may then be altered in a process which is called	digital signal process
The standard measurement for frequency is called HERTZ	Hz
The unit of measure for loudness or volume is decibe	dB
A __________ starts with an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts an analog signal to a digital signal.	digital audio signal
The digitizing and storage of __________or music on a computer or compact disc	sound
is measured from one wave peak to another	cycle
Identify the type of sound.
Sound effect	Music
Background	Music
Instruction	Speech
Narration	Speech
Attention grabber	Music
is the volume or loudness a particular sound makes.	amplitude
The digital audio signal may then be stored or	transmitted
The greater the ______ the better the quality of the audio.	sample size
This refers to the reproduction and transmission of sound stored in a digital format.	digital sound
The last step for digital audio is to be converted back to an _____________with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).	analog signal
A ______ is the result of connecting any two points on a plane.	line
The scale of the headline often relates to the scale of an accompanying ______ or illustration (it may be the same width or half of the width, for example, as a photograph on the front page of a newspaper)	photograph
________  (ornamental fonts, such as those that are free to download on (http://chank.com/freefonts.php) are not legible enough to be used for body copy, but are often selected for headlines as they tend to be more ornate.	Display fonts
The ______ is utilized in all areas of design as a structure upon which forms can be precisely placed, reflected, balanced or imbalanced.	grid
Using a _____ for headlines is not a rule, but often commands attention as they are sleek and authoritative in comparison to serif fonts.	sans-serif
_____ is the space between the letters in a single word.	Kerning
For_________, it is a good idea to stay away from system fonts! Web designers have to rely on them for body copy	print designers
Although neither Mondrian nor van Doesburg were masters at The Bauhaus, Bauhaus members were aware of De Stijl and influenced by _______	contemporary art move
While the black and white paintings with brief areas of vibrant hues in primary colors appear to be simple horizontal and vertical intersections, the renderings might allude to a city map, an electrical circuit board, or an abstracted ______	blueprint
When you set _____ (for instance, a letter typed in Microsoft Word), you usually do not have to be concerned with kerning	body copy
While the origin of the grid as an_____precedes the Bauhaus art movement and institution by more than 5,500 years, the Bauhaus movement perceived the grid as not only an organizational structure, but as a structure that could be easily multiplied and reproduced.	Organizational structure
_________  (the fonts that are installed on all computers, such as Arial, Chicago, Times, New York, and so on) are usually reserved for the body copy on web pages; and they are not typically used as headlines	System fonts
The _______ are created to be well-kerned at smaller font choices (such as 10 – 12 points).	digital fonts
Formulating an ______ from simple lines and planes is a practice in translating visual cues into language-based meanings	abstract concept
The grid is the ______ underlying structure that sustains the relationships between all formal elements in print design, interactive design, industrial design, architecture, fashion, and more.	invisible
_______ was a Dutch painter who contributed to the De Stijl (in English, “The Style”) movement founded by Theo van Doesbur	Mondrian
___ are typically larger than body copy and maintain a heavier weight on the page than most other elements.	Headlines
The ultra-bold font style creates a weighty headline, and the regular variation of the _____ is very easy to read as body copy.	typeface
It is the goal of any visual communicator to learn to do this as both the reader of the message and the generator of _________	visual content
By understanding the relationship between the _______ and the organizational requirements of automation and mass replication, The Bauhaus is responsible for design solutions utilizing the grid that became popular in the 1920s and is still noticeable today.	grid
Termed the______ , the individual circles will be read only after the viewer sees the entire pattern presented here as a square.	law of similarity
While there are four distinct properties and six laws (termed, Pragnanz), one of the main themes is the understanding that viewers see a group of like objects as a _______ before seeing the individual part	whole unit
The _______ has become a symbolic point of entry to art and design education.	Symbolism
________ is important to visual creators because it provides a theory for the way humans perceive groups of shapes in a composition	Gestalt psychology
A  ______ is created by the contrast of value and hue.	focal point
a PSNR calculation is performed using the degraded and matched reference sequences.	PSNR analysis
It has been proved that the “__________________” (Richardson, 2002) means that the assessor’s opinion is significantly biased by the last few seconds of a video image sequence.	recency effect
No matter if the picture quality is good, bad or indifferent, it needs to be evaluated differently and detected by different means in ________________ and DVB systems than in ATV (Analog Television).	DTV (Digital Television)
The linear or nonlinear distortion has no ________________ on the video image, but in an extreme case it can also lead to a breakdown.	direct effect
To specify, evaluate and compare digital video systems with video image artifacts caused by ______________________, the quality Answer 5 compression or transmission of the digital video and image presented to the observer has to be determined.	compression or transmission
A test carried out in a comfortable environment will be evaluated with a _____________________ than the same test carried out in a less comfortable setting.	higher score
Direct measurements are performed with the video images (picture quality measurement) and indirect measurements are made processing specially designed test signals in the same manner as the ________________ (signal quality measurement) (Tektronix, 1997).	pictures
Measuring video image quality using _________________ is an accurate and repeatable evaluation, but there is still no general objective evaluation.	objective criteria results
_________________ – an edge detector is used to create edge maps of the matched reference and degraded video sequences.	Edge analysis
The constants M, N, T are the horizontal and vertical dimensions in pixels and the number of frames (fields), respectively, f and f ~ are the sample values (luma or chroma) of the degraded and the _________________, respectively	reference video sequence
The objective evaluation is performed with the aid of instrumentation, calibrated scales and __________________.	mathematical algorithms
The first choice when selecting a metric for full-reference quality evaluation is usually the ______________________.	peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)
The perturbation, noise, transmission channel influence or transmission distortions can cause an increase of channel bit error rate and due to the __________________.	error protection
There are mainly two sources which can disturb the digital video image quality and which can cause _________________ of video image quality.	visible degradation
In each pair of ________________, one is unimpaired (socalled reference sequence) and the other is the same sequence modified by a compression algorithm or process under test, e.g. video image compression or transmission	digital video image sequences
These are the source coding and the related compression and transmission link from the ___________________.	modulator to the receiver
The ________________ in digital television systems is subject to quite different effects and influences than that in analog television systems.	video image quality
The _________________ for subjective test are defined especially in ITU-R recommendation BT.500-11 (ITU, 2001).	test procedures
The second popular subjective test defined by ITU-R BT.500 recommendation is the _____________________ method (ITU, 2001).	SSCQE (Single Stimulus Continuous Quality Evaluation)
__________________ are based on automated, computational approach.	Objective test methods
The ___________________ are used for both direct measurements, subjective and objective, but in a compressed digital video image system, they can not be used for the compression encoder/decoder part of the system because a comparison of the codec influence on the common test scenes and natural scenes is not possible.	test video image sequences
If the transmission channel is too noisy, the transmission totally breaks down. This situation is well known as the “fall of the cliff”, or simply “_________________”.	cliff off
The most popular is evaluation by the ___________________ method.	DSCQS (Double Stimulus Continuous Quality Scale)
The __________________ is a result of human observers providing their opinion on the video image quality.	subjective evaluation
_________________ – the texture properties are measured by recording the number of turning-points in the luma signal along horizontal picture lines.	Texture analysis
The _________________ represents amplitude, what we experience as loudness or volume.	y-axis
If we click the play button, Audacity will move from left to right over the sound, with a _______________ representing our current point in the clip.	Vertical line
The beginning of the sound occurs at the far left of the interface, and Audacity ticks off ______________ as the wave continues to the right.	Periodic tome markers
_______________ converts your sound into a waveform, a commonly used mode for representing sound.	Audacity
The _______________ represents time as seconds (or minutes and seconds, depending on the length of the clip).	x-axis
was a Dutch painter who contributed to the De Stijl (in English, “The Style”) movement founded by Theo van Doesburg.	mondarian
The last step for digital audio is to be converted back to an  with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).	Analog signal
Match the term/details to complete each statement.
By default, the y-axis measures volume on a vertical linear scale from -1 to 1: the -1 and 1 extremes represent the loudest possible recorded sound without distortion, while 0 represents _____________.	silence
________________ begins as a flat line, and the sound will get taller and deeper as it increases in intensity.	silence
The ______________ offers symbols that are likely familiar: buttons that allow you to pause, play, stop, fast forward to beginning or end of a clip, and record.	Playback pallete
Pitch frequencies are measured in waves per _________________, and the program has to smash things together a bit to make the whole sound clip fit in a workable window.	second
Audacity’s representation of time and amplitude are your first and easiest point of reference for __________________, and the tool offers handy ways to navigate around them.	Editing sound
A term for how the image appears on the screen based on how it was shot; refers to the ratio of width to height of a film frame, image or screen.	Aspect ratio
It is the goal of any visual communicator to learn to do this as both the reader of the message and the generator of	Visual content
A main division within the plot of a film.	act